Violence against Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgender Essay Example for Free

Violence against Lesbians, Gays, Bi sexuals and Transgender EssayIn the past, order has been responsible in inculcating, indoctrinating and impressing on the minds of quite a little that there be only two kinds of gender, either male or female. But in our modern setting, confederacy has learned to adapt to the non-conformists in their midst in regards to this classification. But there are those who by virtue of their devotion or upbringing, has raised the specter of violence against these individuals for no other creator than satiating their fear and hatred of unfearings and lesbians in this companionship. Can the incidence of violence against animateds and lesbians be stopped? Should heterosexual society shoot justifications in their fear, or hate, of the queer muckle? In the article of Valerie Jennes and Kimberly Richman, Anti-Gay Violence and its Discontents (2002), there are new-fangled criminal offenses that seem to suggest just that. In a most heinous displa y of homophobia in the joined States, one transgendered man from Wyoming, Matthew Shepard, was brut all toldy killed by two assailants, Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson (Diane Ric hard-foughtson and Steven Seidman p. 403).In the course of the investigation, it was discovered that the victim allegedly do advances on the suspect which provoked the suspect to go into a murderous fit. give notice for the defendants argued that the incident was triggered by the homophobic tendencies of the suspect (Richardson and Seidman 403). After the Shepard case, Billy Jack Gaither was murdered by friends of McKinney and Russell. Again, the reason cited in the investigations was homophobia. Gaither was hit repeatedly with an axe handle, and then set on fire using a pile of tires as kindling.All of the cases were done by reason of the fear of homosexuals and the alleged sexual advances do by the victims on the suspects (Richardson and Seidman 403). Cases like these only display one fact. It m oldiness be understood that this incidents play a throwback to the old ideas that there are only male and female roles to be fill in the society, and anything else is deviant. But in this day and age, many of those roles are adequately fulfilled in by the non-conformists in the society, those who aver that it is their choice or give weight to the biological factors that take for them as such. just about of the LGBT sector is afraid of revealing themselves and being true to their personal identity because of the ridicule and the shame that they would be made to endure (Riki Wilchins 265). In any society, there is almodal values the event that what that society fears the most, it learns to hate it, not because of anything that the mark of that fear has, but in the mere fact that the object gives them the thought that this object found its way into that society. This seems to be the of import driver of the hate against gays and lesbians. It is thios hate that drives them to commit crimes against homossexuals.In her article Coming Out, professor Paula Rodriguez Rust explains the confines as recognizing that an individual has feelings of attraction towards a member of their own sex, embrace a bisexual outlook, and be able to share that identity with others (Paula Rust 227). This must be done to be recognized as such since the society has been inculcated with the notion that all are heterosexual. Since this is the operative assumption, then all parents would expect that their children are heterosexual and train themselves in a heterosexual manner.If one were to replace this occupant societal identity with another so-called deviant one, these individuals run the risk of being ostracized kind of than evaluate (Rust 227). A revealed homosexual, once he does so, will find that their relationships in the heterosexual society will be vastly different than the one held in that society. It means a change in the attitudes and disposition members of that society wi ll accord that person, gay or lesbian. Relationships with the members of that society, especially close ones such as friends or family, will dramatically alter for the worse.One will experience the impoverishment of closeness of these relationships, since their behavior or identity runs against the grain of that society (Rust 227). One of the subjects Wilchins interviewed intimated about the shame that he felt every time that his arrest would ask him to hold her bag in the shop (Wilchins 265). His partner said that he used to dilute classes every time they would play baseball in the gym because of the comments about the feminine way that he threw the ball (Wilchins 265).It is evident from the reaction of these two individuals that the society they are in now still has to go forth integration of their sector into the mainstream of the modern-day society. The modern society that the united States boasts of is still quite archaic in their beliefs, at least in this context. Through history has been replete with incidents of violent acts that focus on the gay and lesbian sector, it was only recently that the government have begun to accumulate the data on the different aspects of the crime of gay bashing (Richardson and Seidman 405).Before this time, verifiable information on the statistics of gay and lesbian violence was very hard to come by. It was not until the later 80s that scientific research work on the compilation of data regarding the causes and manifestations of the crimes against homosexuals that is lively in the work to address this issue has recently been accumulated. In the United States, there have been unremitting calls for the authorities to look into and monitor incidents of crimes of bias, especially those affecting the gay and lesbian part of society (Richardson and Seidman 405).Heterosexism racism in a new light As the African Americans in the early history of the United States were subjected to racist orifices, gays and lesbians were n ot spared from the ostracization of the society (Gregory Herek, PhD). Since the advent of the gay movement in the middle of the 1900s, many plurality have reprehended these individuals as sick, profligate and outright felonious. This line of thinking was given form by psychologist George Weinberg, coining the term homophobia (Herek).Weinberg (1969) used this term to quantify the fear of heterosexuals coming into close contact with homosexuals. His term was first printed in 1969, coming out in Weinbergs Society and the Healthy Homosexual in 1972 (Herek). So what is a homophobe (University of Florida)? In brief, a homophobe can be defined as a person with an intense hatred or dread of homosexuals. Heterosexism is the idea that a heterosexual is superior to a homosexual, and that homosexual relationships are not as legal or accepted as heterosexual ones.Heterosexism as a concept came about the aforesaid(prenominal) time as racism and sexism (Herek). As an ideology, the term came to d efine the actions of individuals to asperse, besmirch, and isolate any form of homosexual conduct or actions (Herek). In Wichins article, it was said that the gender issue is like some form of cupboard that gay and lesbians must be willing to come out of (Wilchins 266). This, according to Wilchin, is the area that is targeted by heterosexuals.As stated earlier, society has been impressed by a constant deluge of the need to conform to the genders and sexual types in the modern society. Male children are taught to talk, walk, and act like some Hollywood action star. If the actions of the children are in the least way feminine, they will be subjected to violence and debasement (Wilchins 266). They learn to abhor anything remotely connected to their feminine side, so that when they finally come up to one, they are more than willing to brush off that threat (Wilchins 266).This indifference and marginalized treatment of the gay and lesbian sector may be attributed to the invasive natur e heterosexism has been influencing the dominant society. This can clarify the hidden nature that the gay and lesbian sector has been operating in the society. Again the dictates society declares that the exercise of heterosexual activities and conduct is widely accepted and tolerated, and the practice of homosexual conduct is severely chastised and discouraged (Florida).If people who are known or are open in their practice of their identities are discovered, they are open to violent acts that seem to be perpetrated by the dictates of the society (Herek). In a 1987 report released by the United States Department of Justice on the statistics of bias crimes, it was found out that a majority of the targets of these crimes were minority group members, such as African Americans, Hispanics, Jews, Asians and gays and lesbians. It also noted that gays and lesbians were the most haunt victims of bias crimes.In other private-sponsored studies, crimes against homosexuals that were provoked or bought upon by homophobia and heterosexism topped the reasons for the commission of the crime (Richardson and Seidman 403). It seems that the main issue, however, in the issue of gays and lesbians in society is not that they operate, so to speak, in a different norm and manner. Rather, the issue is trying to create a niche in a heterosexual dominated society (Wilchins 267).Wilchins argues that the movement for the recognition for the rights of women ultimately bore enactment in laws for the benefit, in the same way that gay rights efforts ultimately gave rise to recognition of that sectors rights. If the gender issue is to discussed intelligently and objectively, then the gender rights movement must be bought out rather than hidden from the public agenda (Wilchins 267). For something to be discussed, what is needed is educated discussion, rather than making attempts at terminating the percieved threat.Can the violence against LGBTs be stopped? Again, we must go back to the indepe ndence we speak of. It is recognized that many in the LGBT sector have risen up through the obstacles that this modern society has set up along their way and emerged triumphant, yet are still looked down upon, and in many instances, with hate permeating through the opposition. It is this hate that laws and statutes, however good they may be, cannot control, the choice of people to hate, to think ill of the gays and lesbians, and to concoct and perform violence against gays and lesbians.All that can be done is to make laws that are far more retributive against people who perform these acts. Federal and local governments should take the initiative in making laws or amending current statutes to give more protection for the gays and lesbians in the society. Unless modern society provides that niche by which the gays and lesbians can integrate themselves into the mainstream of society, it can be said that violence against gays and lesbians and others like them are likely to be a major pr oblem.It is in the act of modern society to accept its diversity, not only in identity, but also in gender and preferences that it can be called a really modern society.whole kit and boodle Cited Equality Maryland. Hate Crimes Bill Heads to Governors Desk. http//www. equalitymaryland. org/pr_2005/pr2005. 04. 09. htm Garnets, Linda and Kimmel, Douglas C. Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences Chapter 9 purpose a Sexual Identity and Community, by Paula Rust. New York City Columbia University Press (2003). Works CitedHerek, Gregory M. Definitions Sexual prejudice, homophobia, and heterosexism. http//psychology. ucdavis. edu/rainbow/HTML/prej_defn. html Richardson, Diane and Seidman, Steven . Handbook of Gay and Lesbian Studies Valerie Jennes and Kimberly D. Richman. California Sage Publications (2002). Wilchins, Riki Anne. Time for grammatical gender Rights. GLQ A Journal of Gay and Lesbian Studies Volume 10, Number 2 (2004). pp. 265-267. University of F lorida. What is heterosexism? http//grove. ufl. edu/ggsa/files/bboard/heterosexism. pdf.

College Scholarship Essay Example for Free

College Scholarship EssayHi, my name is Stacey Burrell and I currently attending Boston liberal arts Academy as a Junior field of study major. I believe its never too ahead of time to start looking at colleges and intuitions. My schools of interest include Juilliard, Colombia, and Dartmouth. I am not the first in my family to go to college b bely I am apart of the first generation. My parents are from Jamaica and never fully finish their education. Ive always had to make the most of financial aid and luck. My parents are definitely not rich but weve always found ways to pay for what we need. My sister just enrolled at Cornell University almost entirely through financial aid and merit based scholarships. I feel as though I merit this scholarship because my grades definitely reflect how important education is to me. I plan to major in subject field Arts and minor in Education.See more how to write a winning scholarship hearTheatre has always been a huge part of my life. M y goal for the future is to teach youth how.important theatre is. It can tell stories that help people connect to one another. I also deserve this scholarship to prove to myself that I can actu all(prenominal)y achieve my dreams. I always set the bar in high spirits for myself as you can see in my choice of colleges its always hard having an older sibling.and being compared to them all the time. This scholarship will just be one step closer to my dream of going to college and interest in my sisters footsteps. This essay might not stand out to you because I know there are people out there with sickness and disease. Im in good health and I have a supportive family. All I have to prove that I deserve this scholarship are my grades and my ending to go to college.

A Prominent Leader Essay Example for Free

A fully grown Leader EssayThis paper will entirely focus on Oprah Winfrey. Oprah Winfrey has shone and demonstrated more strength, character, and changed the vogue America looks at and views racial issues in America. This paper will analyze her start in the photographic film industry, her leadership, personal wealth, Business Leadership Oprah Winfrey is a reputable, prominent world leader, business womanhood, actress, philanthropist, and talk produce-host. It is said by rough that she has revolutionized television talk acquaint. One has to admire her perseverance to overcome the hardships she faced as a child. Oprahs mother had Oprah when she was only a teenager in a town in rural Mississippi. She was born(p) into poverty and raped at a young age of nine years old. History repeats itself and a young teenage Oprah gives birth to a child that dies. Oprah started her career in radio. Today women turn to Oprah for self-help, self-improvement, compassion, spiritual questions, and even how to regulate your bowel movements. Against all odds in a male dominated field, Oprah rises to go for the most-popular, longest running, and highest-ranking talk show.CNN, Time Magazine, and Life all list Oprah Winfrey as the most influential woman in the world. (Finz, 2011). Oprah Winfrey would be an example of a Transformational leader. Transformational leaders influence, inspire, move, and literally transform followers to achieve organizational goals beyond their self-interests (Burns, 1978), thus initiating and bringing about positive change. (Weiss, 2011). She was very much involved in civic Rights, and changed the way African Amrericans are treated.Her endorsement of electric chair Obama brought about a post-racial era long beforehand we would have seen. (Zak, 2011) Oprah demonstrates characteristics of a transformational leader by demonstrating the four Is of a Transformational leader. The first I is Idealized Influence which is probably the most obvious trai t. Oprah routinely fosters trust and you admire her strength and sprightliness a sense of pride for some of the subjects she touches on. For example, I remember once seeing a show on gay/lesbians. It literally changed the entire way I view them.I used to phone they wanted attention and they choose to go against what we as a society think is acceptable or not. After her show I realize they dont want to be different they meet want to be accepted. The second I is for Inspirational Motivation. Oprah rallies people everyday across America enliven and motivating people. The third I is for In reassureectual stimulation. In my opinion this is obvious through her belief and promoting President Obama during his presidency. Who really thought an African American would be president in our lifetime?Finally the live I is for Individualized consideration. She constantly is taking on sensitive subjects. I remember one show where she interviewed a boy who had been locked in a wire cage for seve ral hours a day. She was able to tell his story and let him maintain his dignity even though horrific things were done to him. Oprahs ratings prove she has the following and believers a Transformational leader has. Through the last twenty- five years we have seen an African American take over the media and change daytime talk shows.

Prevent From Engaging In Premarital Sex Theology Religion Essay

Prevent From Engaging In prenuptial Sex Theology righteousness EssayIn Malaysia, prenuptial depend on is still a big NO-NO in our culture for divers(a) reasons. Sex comes with responsibility. Thus it does non matter if it is prenuptial sex, extra-marital sex, marriage sex or even unconsented sex. If you take away in antenuptial sex, be prepared to take all consequences including dealing with your beau ideal, pregnancy, the potential gossips and condemnations from the world, etc. intimateity is not an instrument of enjoying lustful pleasure for human beings, at least. In premarital sex, many a times, immature human beings explore the sexuality, jut out of curiosity, and might be are unaware of the consequences. ordering has forbid premarital sex from the very outlook that adolescence is the time to form oneself as mature and responsible for(p) human being and not at all a time to procreate.We have to start saying No to premarital sex. We should keep in mind that engagin g in premarital sex is not the best way to convey your love towards the one you loved. We should push the thought to the back of our minds and remember that we would ascertaindly feel sorry later if we engaged in premarital sex.One of the ways to prevent premarital sex is to start from information. Sex education should begin at home and as early as possible in a childs life. The parents must have a close relationship with the child to disembowel him feel comfortable to talk about his anxiety and concerns. From the healthy discussion between the parents and the child, the topic of premarital sex hind end be brought up easily. The parents may appoint the child piece of advice on dealing with the relationship between couples. Keep an open mind and be ready to answer any questions openly and honestly. Learning the truth about sex is much better then learning false info from peers.The parents have to help their child when their child is in a relationship. The parents should not g et panic and ball out when their child is in a relationship. They should help the child in avoiding temptation. For example, the child can go on supervised group dates and invite the partner over when an adult is home where premarital sex is less likely to happen. One-to-one time with the partner alone should be strongly discouraged as this may lead to unwanted accidents to happen. The child should be aware of the serious consequences of premarital sex such as unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases like acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Currently, there is no known bring back for AIDS. Though most parents may know this information, keep it in mind when discussing sexual behaviours with children. Educate your children with this information. It may mean life or death.Luckily, parents are not the sole providers of sex education. Schools can lend a legislate by helping parents teach children about sex. Both of them should work hand in hand in handling this problem. The children and teenagers should be taught to protect themselves from premarital sex. They must understand that nobody can describe them to do anything that they feel not comfortable with. They must realise how important it is to respect themselves, not utilize their bodies to fulfil the sexual desires of their partner. The school and the parents should tell the children to say No firmly. The teenagers must remember, If you dont walk away, you impart be sorry.The teenagers should strictly refrain themselves from reading, listening or viewing to those unsavoury media culture such as smut fungus and movies with sexual scene. Instead, they should choose something which is pure and healthy. For instance, they can involve in various healthy activities and sports which can skeleton up their self-esteem.They should draw a line wisely to set limit on the expressions of affections. The girls should never give out false signals by wearing tight and revealing clothes which may cause them to evenfall into sexual immorality. The boys should endlessly refrain themselves from making any rash decisions and they should always think of the consequences they may grammatical case after involving in sexual immorality. You must lead your heart rather than letting it to lead you. The teenagers should always be careful about the uses of alcoholic beverages. They may lose their inha procedureations under the influence of the alcohols. If the couples find themselves uneasy with the intimate situation, they must do something that breaks the mood. It is difficult to avoid premarital sex from happening, but with a bit more effort it will become easier. Never compromise to your principles and say No firmly to premarital sex.ConclusionIs premarital sex good or boastful? Well actually, that depends on us to decide it.We can tell that premarital sex is against God, and it is unsafe physically and emotionally. Although sex is pleasurable, it is designed by God to be enjoyed by two hook up with people. Sex is a holy gift from God wherein we detect it after marriage. A person should think long and hard before involving in premarital sex.Premarital sex seems to be a norm in nowadays. This should not be allowed among the teenagers. They should be aware of the bad sides of premarital sex. In a pleasure of a moment, they are being blinded by the sexual desire. In the moment of lust and passion, their future is destroyed. In the moment of foolishness and self-gratification, they will fall into the regretful abyss. Sexual desire is like a fire and wont stop until it burns itself.Sex is for married couples and when done out of marriage it cause a lot of harm to the doers. The effects are not immediate but later in life they are devastating. The scars of premarital sex are agonising and difficult to get rid of. They will leave an indelible mark in your life and it will always follow you even in your marriage. They will shame you, degrade you and interfere with your life. Imagine clashing your previous sex partners whilst with your husband and children. How would you feel? You will wish to hide but youll have no place to do so. So, think about it before it is too late.Premarital sex should strictly be banned from teenagers life. Parents have great responsibilities in educating their children about the essence of marriage and proper sex education should be given to the children. Parents should make an endeavour in teaching their children about sex, letting them know that it can be pleasurable, but there are so many risks involved sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS and HIV, and unwanted pregnancy all which can be prevented. The teenagers will be in matured mind. As a result, the teenagers will know that marriage is not solo about having sex, but having a symphonic family and a heavy responsibility as well.Teenagers should always keep in mind that, if a boy or girl truly loves you, they will want the best for you. They will not want you to patronise fear of disease, unwanted pregnancy and the psychological difficulties of premarital sex. They will want to experience love with you only in the very best place of all the love nest of marriage. So, say No to premarital sex before it is too late.

Analysis Of The God Delusion Debate

Analysis Of The beau ideal Delusion DebateFor The perfection Delusion Debate, Gayathiri and Sandra chose to listen to Dr John Lennox beca drill the two of us person al wizardy hope at that place is a beau ideal while Len Jin and Jerome chose to listen to prof Richard Dawkins because the slurs brought forth by Dawkins has more(prenominal) relevancy to them personally.There were 6 main thesis that was being debated between Lennox and Dawkins1. assent is blind and science is manifest based2. Science supports atheism, non the Naz atomic number 18neianity3. Design is dead otherwise one must explain who intentional the Designer4. Christianity is dangerous5. No one take ins God to be moral6. Christian removes intimately the person Jesus were non true, alleged miracles violates the law of natureThe main points of Lennox atomic number 18 summarized as followsHe believes that trustfulness is supported by rational show up. Science is limited but anything beyond science is n ot irrational. trust is the driving drag for science.Atheism undermines science. Science is possible is because God is responsible for our mind. Scientist needs religion to believe in the rational intelligibility of the universe.Darwinism does not explain life and the reality of replicator. God is not created because a created God is delusional. Simplicity is not the only criteria of truth. allthing performs from the mind of the planner. Perpetrators disobeyed the explicit command of Christ. Atheism commits intellectual murder.We cannot provoke it a charge the foundations of being technical without God. If there is no unspoiled and evil, we cannot talk astir(p ruby-redicate) the sincere of atheism. Morality obtained elsewhere is of no use.History proves Christianity. Dawkins got his information from an anaesthesiologist and not a theologian. Laws of nature only describe what normally happens. homophile beings believed in the existence of science because science likewise believed in the existence of the universe.From the debate, we think that Dr. John Lennox was an keen debater based on a few reasons. Firstly, he respects the criticism Dawkins made approximately Christianity even though he is supporting theism, which is the belief that there is a God in the debate. He listens to all the points that Dawkins has against Christianity with a calm nature. He does not make facial expression that shows he is indignant or disturbed even though the any(prenominal) of the comments made by Dawkins were indirectly insulting Christianity. Secondly, near of the points presented by Lennox was very hale, not only in because of how he phrased his points nor the words he use to institutionalise forth his points but the points he stated to support Christianity was very logical and is very logical. For instance, Lennox made credit rating that Dawkins denied the concept of good and evil. If what Dawkins believed in was true, there would not be justice and terr orists would escape from punishment The terce supporting statement would be that Dr. Lennox was very familiar with Dawkins literature because he was very confident with distributively and invariablyy phone line values that he has minded(p) while Dawkins was blabbering to the overall conversation. Dr. Lennox also seemed very hustling with his opposing points toward atheist. Moreover, Dr. Lennox also agreed that science is based on faith at round point and that atheism undermines science. The world needs to believe in faith and religion in order to put up morally as religion teaches us to live with moral values. Dr Lennox also gave an overview of two sides and a reasonable conclusion. The existence of the spiriter is also showed as evidence in the bible and also the creation of delightful universe for the human beings to live in. And finally we must say that Lennoxs end speech was argumentative and as well as inspiring for the younger generation to have more faith in the ex istence of theology. Dr Lennox gave an expressive and distinct speech on Christian faith.As much as Dr. John Lennox was a good debater, we found a few weaknesses in him during his debate. Firstly, Lennox could not finish putting forth his points in the conviction given which was 5 minutes. From this we can say that Lennox did not do a very good job in making confident(predicate) his points were straight to the point so he could make sure that everything he has to say willing be able to be presented in the 5 minutes given to him. Secondly, Lennox used the fourth dimension given for the particular thesis being debated at that time to continue debating in the previous thesis. These atomic number 18 seen as a weakness by us because Lennox has a little time management issue. Lennox also seemed to be going off from his points as he was very much kindle in opposing Dawkins points. There were also lack of evidence in Lennox arguments and universe is not evidence due to its existence. Lennox could actually define faith in a more reasonable and elusive dash. In conclusion, Lennoxs statements ar much more supported and reliable rather than it was opposed.The main points of Dawkins are as followsReligion nulls the impulse to understand by putting everything in immortals hands. Science is the opposite by explaining how a business deal of incidents happen based on hard evidence.Science initially describes that reality is between rationalism and fanaticism of the existence of god. The idea of science and reality does not overlap with religion.The speculation that god is the designer is flawed. If god was complex enough to design the universe, surely it would require an even more complex design in its own right.Faith is evil as it requires no justification people can just use faith to justify terrible acts. People should use rationality and common sense instead of blindly following faith.It is unnecessary to distinguish good and evil from the bible, since we alrea dy acknowledge what is good and evil, and also we are making logical choices of our own.Fundamental incompatibility between complex sciences and some deity that can merely bend the laws of physics at its will.According to the video of debate, Dawkins say that God is merely an illusion and God does not exist. His supposition was fully opposed by Lennox who has faith in God. Throughout his debate, the 1st faculty that we think Dawkins had is the fact that he stated that sciences are based on evidence while faith is nothing but trust. He stated that We are overwhelmed with beauty and the complexity of the world, and have a thirst to worship something. Science emancipates us from this feeling. This point of his is part of his strength because it is true that no one has ever seen nor touched God before. What is God? It is just our beliefs and what can God do if we do not nail down to believe in him? During the ancient times, God may just be a highly bright being compared to the pe ople then. He may be using the law of sciences to perform miracles. During that time, people would believe in him because people have not yet discovered science. Through the ages as science and applied science keeps improving, people tend to ignore the existence of God because people now tend to be more civilized and more intelligent. According to the anthropology text book written by ember, God exist because of the business of human being during the ancient time. They do not know why earthquakes or floods or any other natural disasters happen and hence they think that there is a God which is controlling all these things because God is angry.For the second strength, Dawkins stated that If God made everything, who made God? A designer god cannot be used to explain organized complexity because any god complex enough to design anything would require a complex design in his own right. Or could it be other things that created us rather than God? As stated above, God exist because we ar e uneducated. When science comes alive, everything just seems to have a way. Everything needs proof and evidence. What is the Galaxy? Has anyone even experience it? Somehow science came out with the comprehensiveness of the Milky Way but still they are not 100% sure because its just one of a theory. Apparently everyone refers God to a human being. Why? God could be in various(a) forms. God could look like a handicap person. Who knows? And when they ask who made God? It means that everyone refers that God is also merely a creature being created. And if he is created, is he still God?For the tertiary strength, Dawkins states that we dont need religion to be good or ethical. How do you define good and ethical? Every culture is different. Hence the teachings will not be the same. Since young, we have been taught not to kill. We then get the wit and if we practice that, we will be punished badly. But for some other culture, killing is a way to show their bravery. Hence, killing is et hical for them. If there is a God who created this world, why does the teaching of different places not the same? What our ethical means depends on our culture. We may think that it is impolite for people to burp after(prenominal)wards a meal but for the Arabians, burp after meals means they think that the food is nice. Rather than religion, there are still laws and rules to follow so that people would be as they call ethical. Hence, religion is not required to shape a good being.However, Dawkins states that religions are dangerous. He says that if there is no religion, there will be no suicide bombers killing for the sake of God, and there will be no 9/11. I think that this point is his weakness because the terrorist are just misusing these faithful people to bomb themselves. They claimed that after the suicide bombing, they get to have 72 virgins in heaven according to the Quran. Did they die just because of the virgins or do they have faith? Hence this is not the matter where r eligions are dangerous. It is the same where the Israelites having war with the Palestinians because they claim that they will fight for their sacred place. However, will God want them to fight? Although God maybe a delusion but think of it. War is not a joke you can practice. It makes people suffers. non to say God, even anyone of us would not want that to happen right?We think Dawkins showed his weakness during the time where he was questioned by Lennox. Do you have faith in your wife? His whole face was red and the audience was laughing. He could not control his emotion and this shows he is angry. Hence he showed that Lennox had said something good to step on him.So, who win the debate?After considering both the strength and weaknesses of the two debaters, Dr John Lennox and Professor Richard Dawkins, we have come to an agreement that both the debaters Lennox and Dawkins won the argument in a sane manner based on several reasons.Lennox was supporting theism in the debate and w e agreed that he has won the argument is because firstly the way he spoke about faith in our opinion is very strong and convincing in supporting Christianity. This can be seen in the debate when Lennox stated that faith is not blind because faith itself carries with it the ideas of believe, trust and commitment and is therefore only as rebus as the evidence for it. He also states that faith, in relativity theory is not blind because there is evidence supporting it. Faith in Christianity according to Lennox is rational and evident based, part of the evidence is objective, some of it comes from science, some comes from history and some of it is subjective coming from experience.Besides that, we think Lennox won the argument because of the way he presented his debate. He not only made the crowd laughed a couple of times, he also managed to refute Dawkins in a manner whereby Dawkins seemed as though he was speechless. This shows that the points that Lennox put forth was so strong until Dawkins could not come up with anything to defend his beliefs.The whole group also thinks that Lennox won the debate because he refuted Dawkinss claim about Christianity is dangerous really well. First and fore close to, Lennox performed very well by being honest in admitting that he is ashamed of Christianity personally because of all the happenings that were caused by the crusades and so on. However, Lennox explained further by stating that the perpetrators were not followers of Christ because Christ explicitly commands us not to use physical weapons because Christs kingdom is not of this world.Lennox theory could also be supported because even though there are many types of different religion or also known as cultures that tend to have variety of beliefs, we still have the same teachings. We are trying to say that each and every religion teaches us to live with moral values and to be away from sin and it has a great impact in our lives. Thus, even though the followers are differe nt but they tend to practice the same following. In conclusion, each and every human beings need to have faith in their god and practice their religion in order to live with matched moral values because science can only teach us not to do genuine event but it is unable to explain the reason behind it.However, we also agreed that Dawkins was a fair and evenly matched contender to Lennox as he also made many strong points in the discussion. He backed up his thesis with solid and scientific proof that has been extensively and thoroughly studied. Take for example, the famed scientist Charles Darwins theory of evolution. Even though Darwin was not able to explain the origin of life, he was at least(prenominal) able to link the gap of evolution between different variations of animals of the same genre, in contrast to Lennox who was basing most of his thesis from the bible, which does not have much, if any at all, certified or standing proof.Among the other points that Dawkins was deli vering, other one that came to us quite strongly is that religion and faith is still a manmade entity, not a perfect being such as god. Hence it must have its flaws, because it was not made by a perfect being. Though the ideals promoted by the writers of the holy books are intended to be righteous, others may force us to believe in something that does not make sense, or conflicts one another. For example, the Christian and Islamic religions state that people who do not embrace their god will be sent to hell. There are many other religions out there with different gods and deities. Does this mean that hell waits for people who are not Christians even though they did not commit any sin? It would be illogical and unreasonable, attributes a good god would not have.Lastly, Dawkins also argues that the problem with religion is because religions were created during the olden days, people then did not know much or anything about science. Back then, gods could have been used as a simple and user-friendly means of explanation for many natural occurrences which can be explained through sciences. Back then, god expertness have been a reality for them as religion gave them something to hold on to by giving them some sort of an explanation to the unknown. Before any advance in scientific knowledge, when lightning occurred, the average god fearing individualistic would think that God was angry at the people for their sins, and they feel scared so they worshipped god. However, that theory is no longer applicable as we already have a logical, scientific, and rational explanation for it. found on all the reasons stated above, once again we would like to state that we think both the debaters won the argument fairly because presented their stand point of views in two distinctive manner but both are strong and convincing.

The History Of National Curriculum Education Essay

The record Of subject field Curriculum rearing EssayFirst and fore well-nigh, I am Rubatarshne d/o Vasu as a student from Kirkby International College would take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide Mr. Danapalan for his worthy guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement through and through aside this assignment. The blessing, help and guidance given by God towards my assignment en adequate me to everlasting(a) my assignment successfully.I would in any case kindred to thank my friends in helping me by swelled support. In this assignment I deliver gain abundant knowledge and experiences. I fill increased my level of confidence when I met headmistress, senior assistance and checkers. As a future teacher, I also learned that at that place are two types of performance that had been conducted in develop which are school activities and class activities. Besides that, a strong bond of relationship formed between me and my former teachers. I would like to thank once again to my lecturer for giving me a task regarding on National Philosophy of discip describe (NPE).Lastly, I would like to thank to my teachers that go outing to spend time with me to conduct interview. Teachers much(prenominal) as Mrs. Vasugi, Mrs. Chitra and Mrs. Devanagi from Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil, Hicom, Shah Alam and Mrs. Rahinun bt Mohd Noor from Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Uda, Alor Star, Kedah Darul Aman. I learnt ab bring out their teaching and learning method which impart be useful for me in future.CONTENTTOPICPAGENational Philosophy of Education (NPE)Elements in NPENational CurriculumKBSR AND KSSR indoctrinate ActivitySports DayMotivational talkQiamullailExcell programGotong-RoyongClass ActivityRole play play gamesSpelling routineQA exerciseLady BirdConclusionAppendixReferences1.0 National Philosophy of EducationEducation play a pivotal role in Malaysia especi eithery politically, economically, and socially ever since the emancipation of Malaya in 1957 and the formation of Malaysia in 1963. Since then, several commandment policies were being drafted and altered to meet the education demand of the people of Malaysia from time to time. In 1988, National Philosophy of Education (NPE) was formulated ground on ideas and principle of policy documents. It is guide for all educational activities in Malaysia and sets the values and principles of the Malaysian education system from particular to the tertiary level.(NPE) consist of several elements to piss sundry(a)(prenominal)s who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally, and physically balanced and harmonic. The first element of (NPE) is education as an on-going effort that acquiring and transferring knowledge skills and noble values which start from an early age savings bank death. It is vital to shape in-personity of children which exit assist them to adapt various types of changes. Next, is (NPE) also develop individual potentials. Each hu man being has their own hidden talents which mint be nurtured and developed, abilities that should be tapped, and enhanced through social interaction with environment. Belief and obedience to God is another element of (NPE) which one must look at the existence of God and accept him as the Creator. Every individual should be fully responsible for his works and actions. The last element is to produce erudite Malaysian citizens. We as a Malaysian citizen should have neck for knowledge and strive to foster knowledge and implement reading culture in our daily life. So, it understandably shows that if each and everyone in the education fraternity uphold (NPE) when carrying out their tasks with full responsibilities, our educational goals will work reality.2.0 National CurriculumThere are three time types of changes in class such as Old primitive School Curriculum (KLSR) before 1982, New Primary School Curriculum (KBSR) and tired Primary School Curriculum (KSSR).Firstly, Old Prim ary School Curriculum. (KLSR) was implemented since the country attained its independence. In 1960, the Subject Review Committee has been established is also known as Rahman Talib Report. In addition, this level of education system is oriented to the eradiation of illiteracy. Traditional schoolroom is a place where a group of students will go over the learning process. In this type of classroom, students usually sit in the order of chairs and tables that are arranged line of products by line. For instance, students who are tall should sit at the back whereas students who are short or have poor eyesight should sit front. In accordance with the aspects of Rahman Talib Report, all students must pass in Bahasa Melayu humans examination which the paper is written in Malay Language. It aims to foster unity among multiracial society.Next, is New Primary School Curriculum (KBSR) which was implemented in 1982 as a trial basis of new curriculum. So, in 1983 government fully implemented In tegrated Primary school Curriculum which also known as (KBSR). The curriculum design ground on three areas which are communication, man and environment, and development of individual (KBSR) emphasizes students teaching in group and interaction between teacher and students, students and students are very stressed in this (KBSR). In impairment of teaching strategies, student-centered is actively approach in the process of teaching and learning. This is because it raises an interesting environment in classroom and stimulates the process of teaching and learning. The evaluation in (KBSR) emphasize in basic skills (3R) that students should be describe the hang which are oral, reading and writing. Students who could not master any subjects, the student will be sent to therapeutic classes. Remedialclasses are often used to stress the basics in a subject such as math or language.Lastly, Standard Primary School Curriculum (KSSR) curriculum design establish on six spikes which are commu nication, spirituality, attitudes and values of physical and aesthetic development of humanities, science and technology and appearance. From 2011, the direct school curriculum start to apply (KSSR) which involves changes in design, organization, content, pedagogy, time allocation, assessment methods, materials and management of the school curriculum. (KSSR) show the use of different teaching approaches learning (P P) that give more emphasis and impact on students. For example, teachers teach the students by approaching to inquiry findings, solution and riddle, remodelivism, contextual, teaching ground on future and learning based on project. Therefore, the three elements of value was added and introduced in the (KSSR) the element of creativity and innovation, entrepreneurship, information and communication technology (ICT).In short, changes in the era of globalization require a change in the balance of the education curriculum like (KLSR) before 1982, (KBSR) and (KSSR).These changes improve the quality of primary education to be more relevant to the challenges of the surrender and of the 21st century. It is very vital to conduct activities according to (NPE) especially in schools and universities and guides to a standard curriculum. By implementing the curriculum goodly in schools, it lowlife develop the students cognitive, affective and psychomotor (physical) with other potentials (JERIS) in students. Here, there will be challenging round among students to compete each other. By implementing activities which are in compound manner will make the students to think out of the box.3.0 School ActivityRecently, I have interviewed captain and senior assistance in two schools which are Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Uda (SKTU) at Alor Star, Kedah and Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil Hicom (SJKT) at Dengkil, Selangor. The purpose of these interviews is based on the national curriculum of the school which reflects the objective of (NPE). According to the interviews that conducted in both schools, I line that there are two types of activities are organized in schools which are school based activities and classroom activities. Various types of natural action that are organized in school aligned with (NPE). There are five-spot main activities that carried out in school like Sports Day, Motivational Talk, Qiamullai, Excell Program and gotong-royong.First and fore intimately, Sports Day is carried out during the month of February annually. All the teachers and student from Standard 1 until Standard 6 are involved in this bodily process. A few weeks before Sports Day, student start to give their names for participate events like racy broad jump, 100m race, shot put and others. After the school hours, students will start to practice the activities at school field. The impressiveness to organize this activity is to develop students who are healthy. Sports rear end build up muscles and bones which finally will make the students to become healt hy. Sports day is the time where student is taught and expose to various types of sports and learning to be cooperate in team games, be discipline as to follow the rules for each game or sport and so much more. Sports are a very healthy activity that potbelly respect a modality a lot of unnecessary disease such as obese. Students can maintain their personal well-being which is aligned with (NPE). This activity can help to develop psychomotor skills in students.Another activity that was conducted in school is Motivational Talk which was given by the Sir Ismail who is one of the counselors in that school. This talk is to offer the stability of students emotions and self management for their chastity. All students are involves in this talk and given knowledge to frame themselves for exams. It is carried out in three phases which are learning techniques, time management and emotion control. Students take the importance key features and try to improve self weakness and making use th e strength to ensure excellence in their students. This activity helps to produce students who are high moral standards and responsible which is in lined with (NPE). Here, students can stabilize their emotions in a right path.Qiamulail is also one of the activities that were conducted in schools. All the Muslims students were involved in this activity while non-Muslims students were involved in Moral class. Muslims students stayed in hostel for one day to complete their prayers. Their prayers will start at early in the morn which is at 4 in the morning and ends at 5 in the evening. This activity brings a strong spiritual life and is a focal point to get closer to God which is highly demanded. The students also have an opportunity to build the spirit of appreciating organized religion and have faith in God. This activity mould students to believe in god as tell in (NPE). In this activity, students can high spirituality within themselves and avoid them to involve in meanspirited a ctivities.Activity like Excell Programs which is mean by extra classes are organized in school. Participation of all students is compulsory for this activity. It has two phases which are drilling students understanding in each chapter and techniques to declaration questions. Phase 1 is to improve students understanding in each chapter so that they can understand and perform well in exams while phase 2 is to give them the countersink strategies to answer the questions according to exam standard. Phase 1 is done with the help of teachers at class after finishing each chapter. Phase 2 is carried out after the final assessment. The teachers will give proper techniques of tell to each subject. Here, the students will master the answering techniques when they were given to answer past year questions and exercises. Those students who improved in a particular subject they will be given reward by the headmaster. This will create enthusiasm in learning. Here, students improve their cogniti ve skill which helps to produce students who are knowledgeable and competent as stated in (NPE)The last activity that was conducted is gotong-royong. The spirit of gotong-royong is a core of culture that students should follow. Students were divided into groups to clean different types of area in schools like filed, garden, classrooms, hall and others This activity was held to nurture students to well-behave, co-operate with others, love and responsible to take care of their school, and to give awareness to students to the highest degree healthy body, mind and environment. After the gotong-royong event, students will pick up rubbish on the floor anyplace in the school if they see it. It is important that cleanliness and beautification will keep the environment to be conducive and flourishing so that the teaching and learning process would be more effective. Besides, the activity actually is in line with (NPE) which is to produce balanced individual from the aspect of emotional. Th ey love and appreciate the school, the nature, have a sense of belong and solidarity and lastly they will become mature in thinking.4.0 Class activityBesides school based activities, there are also classroom activities which are effective to students. Classroom activities should be built earlier on creating opportunities for students to express and understand meaningful language. However, the activities are based on form-focused instruction and corrective feedback which is inborn for the development of students in the classrooms. Lesson device is the guide for teachers to prepare activities for students and put varieties in order to create caper learning environment. The activities that conducted in the class are role play, playing games, spelling routine, QA activity and Lady Bird.The most interesting activity that student enjoyed is role play. Role play is an integral part of the curriculum for oratory and listening. The use of role play provides students to develop speaking and listening skills when they speak as a character, plan scenes, use dialogue and evaluate their own performance and that of others. For instance, the teacher wants to teach about occupation. The teacher can ask their students to act a teacher, doctor, shopkeeper, lawyer and others. Here, students will brainstorm their ideas to act as one of the occupation. Students get to wider their knowledge and experiences when they start to engage with other students while using signs, props, menus, and so on. The school teacher also states that this role play activity can build students confidence level when students are brave to bewilder in front of their friends. High moral standards can be created among students to mould good behavior and produce personal well-being as stated in (NPE)Another amusing activity that carried out by teacher in classroom is playing games. There many types of games that students participated which were jigsaw puzzle, online interactive games, interchange a day and others. These games are great exercise for brain. It helps the students to improve their memory, spatial and pattern recognition and spelling skills. peppy like word a day can create a reading environment in the classrooms. Students were told to bring newspaper cutting during English class. First, students were given instructions by teacher to look for word which they do not understand. After that, they have to look up for the meaning in dictionary and construct them into sentences. In this activity, students who collect a lot of words will be given award as a token of appreciation. Besides that, this activity also emphasizes students to read independently and wider their knowledge in terms of vocabulary. Teachers and students are putting their effort as on-going effort for excellence in order to produce knowledgeable Malaysian citizen as stated in (NPE)Next, is spelling routine which is conducted by teacher in the classroom. The most helpful way of giving spelling is to write the word down for the students using the look, cover, write, check routine which is originally devised by Peters and Cripps (1980). First the teacher writes the word for the students to look at the word and to memorize it. This can be done by tracing or copying it. The correct version is then aloof or covered and asked the students to write the word from memory without any help. The students spelling is then checked against the correct version. If the spelling is correct, students can incorporate the word into their writing. If the word is incorrect when comparing the two versions, identify where the problem lies and repeat the consentient procedure. This strategy helps students to memorize the correct spelling by looking at the whole word. Besides that, it helps students to get the overall visual pattern of the word which they can easily remember it. This activity helps to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent as aligned with (NPE).Another activity that c an carried out in class is Q A activity which is stand for question and answer. This activity is organized it is flabby to be carried out in the class but the activity is able to create the two way interaction between teacher and student efficiently. The questions given by teacher require students to think and able to evaluate what has been taught by teacher during the lesson. In addition, the questions must be organized and good quality because it will help students to sharpen their thinking as well as to create more dynamic and effective learning environment. For instance, teacher gives questions regarding on Mathematic subject. Teacher can vary the questions into objective and subjective form which will evaluate students thinking skill. The aim of the activity is to encourage students to think creatively, innovative, logical and critical thinking in line with National curriculum which is to mold students behavior and thinking from the aspects of intellectual.Last but not least, the activity that carried out in class is Lady Bird. This activity creates for students who are sluggish learners. It is one the way to pinch behindhand learners attention to study smart. Teacher lays a vital role here by giving endless support to students as they can be a good learner like others. First, it is conducted by providing a text with number of questions. The question should vary from 3 levels of aspects which are easy, average and hard. Students need to depend for key words in the text and highlight or underline the key features that enable them to answer the questions. Students who are fast learner will be junior teacher for those who are slow learners. silent learners will feel free to ask questions or clarifications to their friends without hesitations. After this session carried out, there are slow learners who are able to read after involve in this activity for three months and showed increase in each school examination. This activity persist in (NPE) by a lea st number of slow learners which will contribute in producing literacy nation in Malaysia.5.0 ConclusionIn conclusion the National philosophy of Education (NPE) gives a very big impact on the development of education that involves the ministry of education, formation of various new concepts in education, curriculum, co-curriculum, schools, teachers and students. Overall this causes a great improvement of the citizen of the nation as mention in the (NPE) in the formation of balanced and harmonious individuals physically, intellectual, emotional, spiritually and socially, citizen that lives in harmony, believes in god and others.As a future teacher we should apply (NPE) in teaching and learning process so that it produce a better Malaysian citizen.6.0 AppendixNAMEBIODATA176.JPGMRS VASUGI45 age anileSEKOLAH JENIS KEBANGSAAN TAMIL, HICOM, SHAH ALAMHEADMISTRESS15 YEARS OF teaching EXPERIENCES180.JPGMRS. CHITRA30 YEARS OLDSEKOLAH JENIS KEBANGSAAN TAMIL, HICOM, SHAH ALAMSENIOR ASSISTAN TS5 YEARS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCES184.JPGMRS. DEVANAGI35 YEARS OLDSEKOLAH JENIS KEBANGSAAN TAMIL, HICOM, SHAH ALAMENGLISH TEACHER10 YEARS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCESDSC_0095 Copy.JPGMRS. RAHINUN BT MOHD NOOR58 YEARS OLDSEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN TAMAN UDA, ALOR STAR, KEDAH DARUL AMANHEADMISTRESS38 YEARS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCES

Methods to Evaluate Non Tariff Measures on Trade

Methods to Evaluate Non duty Measures on wadNon-duty measures are touchy to quantify as Tariff levels are published in tariff schedules, and these potty be large, cumbersome and difficult to read. Non-tariff measures are politic on the wholey beautiful and this may arise from the lobby activity of vested interests. Measures that are difficult to cast may to a fault be less transparent, which helps to prevent public discussion. some(prenominal) techniques may be used to evaluate the effect of non tariff measures for pillowcase data sourcesInformation about the effects on NTMs can be gathered through different databases such as the 2013 discip track Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers which is nonionised each year by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to surveys all classical(p) foreign barriers to U.S. exports, the European Unions Market Access Database, land Trade Organizations (WTO) Trade Policy Reviews and the area Integrated Trade Solutions (WI TS) software developed by the beingness Bank which is described as Vald manole as a substance abuser friendly way .price gap measuresNon-tariff measuresincrease thepricepaidby consumers. The basic strategy manner involves a comparison of prices earlier an d afterwards the NTM mark up where the difference is show as a Tariff equivalent. For example, the price of a product includes the represent of transport and insurance while whole exchange of retail prices include the woo of transport. These factors must be removed from the observed price difference before the markup can be attributed to non-tariff measures.(Ferrantino,2006).Econometrics modelThe notable advantage of econometric analysis, sexual relation to the price gapmethod, is that it can be used to study the dispense effects of multiple non-tariff measures across multiple industries and countries simultaneously. They forecast that the price of handle between any two countries testament be positively associate to the size of their economies and inversely connected to the distance (and other measures of deal out costs)between them.Measures interpreted by the giving medication to alleviate the impact of Non Tariff barriersMauritius has effectively change its economic activities from a monocrop economy depending on sugar to an economy establish on textile, tourism and financial services. Mauritius is regarded as a middle income domain and ranks according the recent Human Development Index for 173 countries, Mauritius was ranked mo in Africa. (Wikipedia)However, Non tariff measures are affecting Mauritanian Trade. A shop class was organized on the 24 January 2013 by the International Trade relate (ITC) with the collaboration of the Mauritian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where the core results about non-tariff measures (NTMs) affecting Mauritian exporters were discussed, along with solutions and potential policy options.The ICTs NTM Program Manager Poonam mayhem claimed that Though Mauritian companies enjoy preferential access in the EU market, they complained about the technical and conformity assessment requirements which they find cumbersome in these markets. Labelling, namely the need for labelling in various languages, was similarly considered to be an important non-tariff barrier (Anon 2013). Moreover, a report claimed that 29% of burdensome NTMs were encountered within COMESA in which Mauritius is a member .Thus ,in order to alleviate this problem, the government has clear-cut to take concrete measures to eliminate Non Tariff Barriers that are unjustified. The measures were announced by the Dr. the Hon. A. Boolell, curate of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade at the opening of the Workshop on NTBs in September 2013.The measures are as follows To eliminate some 26 trade measures considered as NTBs after a study carried out by Strataconsult which identified those non tariff measures that project no justification and had to be either s treamlined or eliminated., relating principally to import and export procedures in 2012.The launching of the Mauritius Trade Portal to endue businesses by granting with all the relevant information concerning the import and export procedures. A more ambitious project currently being developed is the virtuoso window that will link all Government agencies concerned with trade procedures the objective being for traders to complete all trade procedures on line(Anon 2013). This system will help to meaningfully eliminate the quasi nub of Non Tariff Barriers in Mauritius.The Government is also collaborating with the International Trade pore to carry out a survey with organizations to examine the factors affecting trade. reside time for the release of goods at the port and airport have been importantly improved since the construction of a one stop center by housing Customs and other agencies under one roof.The Ministry with the collaboration of the knowledge base Bank has codified al l existing NTBs so as to facilitate their streamlining or elimination. Some people from the World Bank was in Mauritius recently to help us in setting the permanent data collection tool on NTMs, modelled on a new compartmentalization method that is more user friendly.Other measures taken by the governmentCOMESA-EAC-SADC Training WorkshopIn addition , the COMESA-EAC-SADC Training Workshop was also organized and targeted at enabling trade on Non-Tariff Barriers. Mauritius is ranked first base in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Ease of Doing Business power of the World Bank. Mauritius is rated 20th globally in the Ease of Doing Business index of the World Bank, 2nd among SIDS economies and is in the top 10 worldwide for the ease of starting a business. We need to eliminate all weaknesses and difficulties to trade so as to gain more markets since no markets will be at risk if the needs of consumers are satisfied .The World Bank Database on Non Tariff MeasuresMoreover, The World Bank Databa se on Non Tariff Measures (NTMs), including a catalogue of some 6 000 tariff lines, was given to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade, Dr. Arvin Boolell, by the Ag res publica Director of the World Bank, Mr. Constantine Chikosi, recently. The Database will allow Mauritius to carry out a regular study of the effects of NTMs on trade and competitiveness.It also facilitates exports by improving information on NTMs in export markets. It proposes the government with undeniable data to implement the right policies that improve the investment climate in competitiveness of Mauritian businesses.Measures taken in other countries are as followsElimination of NTMS in the EUThe elimination of NTMs in the EU is based on three principles (i) non discrimination (ii) mutual quotation (iii) Community legislation to the functioning of the common market(Carrre Jaime 2011). These determine protect the movement for goods, persons, services and capital and is the result of the abolition of customs duties, QRs, and measures having equivalent effect to customs duties(Malouche et al. 2012). In addition, according to the European Commission, On 25 March 2013, the EU and Japan officially launched the negotiations for a unloosen Trade Agreement, which calls for the removal of EU duties and non-tariff barriers in Japan to merge together. They also enable the EU side to interrupt negotiations after one year if Japan does full fill its commitments to remove non-tariff barriers.Elimination of NTMs in IndiaIndia signed a framework contract for setting a isolated trade area with Thailand in October 2003. The agreementis similar toIndia-ASEANfree trade agreement. It also says that FTA should grok (i)Non-tariff barriers (NTBs)imposed onany products covered in this Agreement,including, butnot limited toquantitative restrictions or prohibition on the importee of any product or on the export or sale for export of any products.(ii)Safeguards based o n the GATT/WTO principles (iii) Disciplines on subsidies and countervailing measures and anti-dumping measures based on the existing GATT discipline. The Government Oof India has also taken some internal measures handle the instance, import restrictions levied certain products under Article XX.ReferencesAnon, 2014. European Commission. online available From http//ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/japan/ Accessed 27June 2014Anon,2013. Non-tariff measures affecting Mauritian Trade. online getable From http//www.intracen.org/Non-tariff-measures-affecting-Mauritian-trade/ Accessed 27 June 2014Carrre.,C and Jaime (March 2011)Non-Tariff Measures What Do We Know, What Might Be Done?. MeloSource Journal of stinting Integration, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 169-196 Published by Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University StableMalouche, M.,Cadot,O., Saez,S., 2012. Streamlining Non-Tariff Measures. online functional From http//www.scribd.com/doc/93203908/Streamlin ing-Non-Tariff-Measures Accessed 27 june 2014Anon 2014. EU and Japan exchange offer to open markets.online Available From http//www.euinjapan.jp/en/media/news/news2014/20140404/200044/Accessed 26 june 2014Bacchetta et al ,2012. World Trade Report Trade and Public Policies A Closer envision at Non -Tariff Measures in the 21st Century online Tomacinschi, L., Available From http//www.scribd.com/doc/169205870/World-Trade-Report Accessed tertiary July 2014Anon Origins Of The Wto And Its Transformation From Gatt International Law Essay online, Available From http//www.ukessays.com/essays/ uprightness/origins-of-the-wto-and-its-transformation- from-gatt-international-law-essay.php Accessed 14 July 2014TheWorld Bank 2014 .,Economy Rankings online, Available From http//www.doingbusiness.org/rankings Accessed 14 July 2014Bose., A (2013) Outsourcing to africa A Relative Ranking of 15 Country Locations online, Available From http//www.slideshare.net/arindambos/outsourcing-to-africa-full-re port-arindam-boseAccessed 4 wonderful 2014